A Scientific Article
The Honorable Dean of the College of Education for Pure Sciences, Prof. Dr. Hamida Idan Salman, obtained the acceptance to publish a scientific article titled (Using the Adsorption Process in Removing Pigments) by the Scientific Articles Committee at the Presidency of Karbala University after fulfilling all publication conditions. The Dean mentioned that dyes are colored materials that can bind in some way to the materials to be dyed and give them bright colors so that they are not affected by washing, light, oxygen, acids and bases. These dyes are characterized by giving strong absorptions in the visible region due to the availability of conjugate systems and the non-localization of pi electrons in their composition. The reason for the colored compound is due to the presence of certain functional groups in it, which leads to making it colored, as they are called chromophores, and they mean color bearing groups and include groups -C=C-, -C=S, -C= O, -N=O,-NO2 ,-N=N-. As for the one that increases the intensity of the color, it is called the auxiliary group, or the auxochromes, which mean color depths, and they are electron-pushing groups, and they have another importance, as the molecule gives the acid character or basal, and thus increase its ability to link surfaces absorbent. These dyes are produced annually in large quantities and in many types, estimated at (10000) types that differ in their composition and components. They are widely used in various industrial processes. Therefore, industrial waste water contains high concentrations of these dyes. Industrial dyes are one of the common types of water pollutants due to their high solubility in water, and industrial wastewater needs chemical treatment to remove dangerous chemicals to comply with legal limits so that it can be discharged to public sewage networks or to surface water [4]. Removing these pigments from wastewater and making them suitable for use, while continuing to develop new technological systems to remove organic pollutants present in water, such as pigments and heavy metals from their aqueous solutions, for example (adsorption, filtration, sedimentation, ion exchange and other other methods). Adsorption can be defined as the phenomenon of gathering a gaseous or liquid substance in the form of molecules, atoms or ions on a specific substance called an adsorbate or sorbate, and the surface on which adsorption occurs is called the adsorbent surface.
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