scientific article
The lecturer in the College of Education for Pure Sciences / Department of Biology Sciences Lecturer (Alaa Hussein Mahdi) obtained acceptance of publishing a scientific article tagged (Implantation) by the Committee of Scientific Articles at the Presidency of the University of Karbala after the article fulfilled all the publishing conditions. Dr. Alaa Hussein Mahdi stated that implantation is an important step in mammalian reproduction and is a gateway to further embryonic formation and to obtain a successful pregnancy. Successful implantation requires successive interactions between the embryo and the uterus within a specific period, known as the window of implantation. Window of receptivity and any defect in communication between the endometrium and the fetus during this time leads to implantation failure. The implantation of the embryo results from the attachment of the embryo to the uterine wall and is unable to attach or adhere to the various sites and surfaces inside the uterus, but the endometrium is more selective and allows the implantation or implantation of tissue in a short period of time called the implantation window (2), in rats and mice. This window lasts for 24 hours between the fourth and fifth days of pregnancy, during this stage the endometrium undergoes formal and functional modifications resulting from the hormones estrogen and progesterone that facilitate adherence, attachment, and invasion (3). After fertilization, the uterus prepares to receive the embryo through the implantation process and begins with apposition where the trophectoderm cells become closely related to the epithelium of the endometrium, followed by the attachment stage that leads to adhesion intimately enough, then the penetration and implantation where the embryo invades the endodermal layer. The apparent proliferation and differentiation into decidual tissue with apoptosis of epithelial cells at the binding site.
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